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''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'' (first published in 1949) is a seminal work of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell. In this book, Campbell discusses his theory of the journey of the archetypal hero found in world mythologies. Since publication of ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'', Campbell's theory has been consciously applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. The best known is perhaps George Lucas, who has acknowledged Campbell's influence on the ''Star Wars'' films.〔Joseph Campbell, ''The Hero's Journey: Joseph Campbell on His Life and Work'', 3rd edition, Phil Cousineau, editor. Novato, California: New World Library, 2003, pp. 186-187.〕 The Joseph Campbell Foundation and New World Library issued a new edition of ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'' in July 2008 as part of the Collected Works of Joseph Campbell series of books, audio and video recordings. In 2011, ''Time'' placed the book in its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since the magazine was founded in 1923.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://entertainment.time.com/2011/08/30/all-time-100-best-nonfiction-books/slide/the-hero-with-a-thousand-faces-by-joseph-campbell/ )〕 ==Summary== Campbell explores the theory that important myths from around the world which have survived for thousands of years all share a fundamental structure, which Campbell called the ''monomyth''. In a well-known quote from the introduction to ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces,'' Campbell summarized the monomyth: In laying out the monomyth, Campbell describes a number of stages or steps along this journey. The hero starts in the ordinary world, and receives a call to enter an unusual world of strange powers and events (a ''call to adventure''). If the hero accepts the call to enter this strange world, the hero must face tasks and trials (a ''road of trials''), and may have to face these trials alone, or may have assistance. At its most intense, the hero must survive a severe challenge, often with help earned along the journey. If the hero survives, the hero may achieve a great gift (the ''goal'' or ''"boon"''), which often results in the discovery of important self-knowledge. The hero must then decide whether to return with this boon (the ''return to the ordinary world''), often facing challenges on the return journey. If the hero is successful in returning, the boon or gift may be used to improve the world (the ''application of the boon''). Very few myths contain all of these stages—some myths contain many of the stages, while others contain only a few; some myths may have as a focus only one of the stages, while other myths may deal with the stages in a somewhat different order. These stages may be organized in a number of ways, including division into three sections: ''Departure'' (sometimes called ''Separation''), ''Initiation'' and ''Return''. "Departure" deals with the hero venturing forth on the quest, "Initiation" deals with the hero's various adventures along the way, and "Return" deals with the hero's return home with knowledge and powers acquired on the journey. The classic examples of the monomyth relied upon by Campbell and other scholars include the stories of Osiris, Prometheus, the Buddha, Moses, and Jesus, although Campbell cites many other classic myths from many cultures which rely upon this basic structure. The alleged similarities between these shared hero legends is one of the basic arguments of the Christ myth theory. While Campbell offers a discussion of the hero's journey by using the Freudian concepts popular in the 1940s and 1950s, the monomythic structure is not tied to these concepts. Similarly, Campbell uses a mixture of Jungian archetypes, unconscious forces, and Arnold van Gennep's structuring of rites of passage rituals to provide some illumination.〔Since the late 1960s, with the introduction of post-structuralism, theories such as the monomyth (to the extent they are based in structuralism) have lost ground in the academic world. Nonetheless, the resonance of this theory and of Campbell's schema remains; every year, ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'' is used as a text-book in thousands of university courses worldwide. (Source: Joseph Campbell Foundation website ).〕 However, this pattern of the hero's journey influences artists and intellectuals worldwide, suggesting a basic usefulness for Campbell's insights not tied to academic categories and mid-20th century forms of analysis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Hero with a Thousand Faces」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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